Search results for "PsyArXiv|Psychiatry"
showing 10 items of 5620 documents
Increased migraine-free intervals with multifocal repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation.
2021
Introduction: Episodic migraine is a debilitating condition associated with vast impairments of health, daily living, and life quality. Several prophylactic treatments exist, having a moderate ratio of action related to side effects and therapy costs. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is an evidence based therapy in several neuropsychiatric conditions, showing robust efficacy in alleviating specific symptoms. However, its efficacy in migraine disorders is unequivocal and might be tightly linked to the applied rTMS protocol. We hypothesized that multifocal rTMS paradigm could improve clinical outcomes in patients with episodic migraine by reducing the number of migraine day…
Declarative verbal memory impairments in middle-aged women who are caregivers of offspring with autism spectrum disorders: The role of negative affec…
2015
Caring for offspring diagnosed with a chronic psychological disorder such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is used in research as a model of chronic stress. This chronic stress has been reported to have deleterious effects on caregivers' cognition, particularly in verbal declarative memory. Moreover, such cognitive decline may be mediated by testosterone (T) levels and negative affect, understood as depressive mood together with high anxiety and anger. This study aimed to compare declarative memory function in middle-aged women who were caregivers for individuals with ASD (n = 24; mean age = 45) and female controls (n = 22; mean age = 45), using a standardised memory test (Rey's Auditory V…
Study protocol of the Diabetes and Depression Study (DAD): a multi-center randomized controlled trial to compare the efficacy of a diabetes-specific …
2013
Background Depression is common in diabetes and associated with hyperglycemia, diabetes related complications and mortality. No single intervention has been identified that consistently leads to simultaneous improvement of depression and glycemic control. Our aim is to analyze the efficacy of a diabetes-specific cognitive behavioral group therapy (CBT) compared to sertraline (SER) in adults with depression and poorly controlled diabetes. Methods/Design This study is a multi-center parallel arm randomized controlled trial currently in its data analysis phase. We included 251 patients in 70 secondary care centers across Germany. Key inclusion criteria were: type 1 or 2 diabetes, major depress…
Results of an Open Clinical Trial of Brofaromine (CGP 11 305 A), a Competitive, Selective, and Short-Acting Inhibitor of MAO-A in Major Endogenous De…
1987
In an open clinical trial the authors treated 18 hospitalized patients suffering from endogenous depression with brofaromine (CGP 11305A), a competitive, selective, and short-acting inhibitor of type A monoamine oxidase (MAO). Four patients were defined as good responders, as they had a final HAMD score of between 0 and 7 points. Four patients were judged as improved, with final HAMD scores of between 8 and 15 points, while the remaining eight patients failed to respond (final HAMD score greater than or equal to 16 points). The major observations were a beneficial influence on drive in most patients, while paranoid symptoms worsened markedly, rendering the substance contraindicated in psych…
Newly diagnosed depression is associated with increased beta-thromboglobulin levels and increased expression of platelet activation markers and plate…
2013
Abstract Background Inflammation plays a key role in atherosclerotic disease. Up until now only limited evidence exists on the mechanism of cardiovascular complications in patients with depression. In addition depression was also linked to an increase in cardiovascular mortality. The present study was designed to evaluate the extent of platelet activation and platelet-derived markers of atherosclerotic disease in patients with newly diagnosed depression. Methods This study used whole blood aggregometry, flow cytometry and ELISA to investigate platelet CD62P (P-selectin) expression and atherosclerotic markers (CD40, CD40L) as well as serum platelet factor 4 (PF-4) and beta-thromboglobulin (β…
Static and dynamic body image in bulimia nervosa: mental representation of body dimensions and biological motion patterns.
2006
The aim of the present study was to find out whether in bulimia nervosa the perceptual component of a disturbed body image is restricted to the overestimation of one's own body dimensions (static body image) or can be extended to a misperception of one's own motion patterns (dynamic body image).Participants with bulimia nervosa (n = 30) and normal controls (n = 55) estimated their body dimensions by means of a photo distortion technique and their walking patterns using a biological motion distortion device.Not only did participants with bulimia nervosa overestimate their own body dimensions, but also they perceived their own motion patterns corresponding to a higher BMI than did controls. S…
Lack of association of a functional catechol-O-methyltransferase gene polymorphism with risk of tobacco smoking: results from a multicenter case-cont…
2013
Background The catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) modulates dopaminergic neurotransmission in the prefrontal cortex as well as in the mesolimbic reward system. Since the reward system mediates addictive behavior, the COMT gene is a strong candidate gene regarding the pathophysiology of tobacco dependence and smoking behavior. Because of rather conflicting results in previous studies, the purpose of the present study was to test for association between a functional genetic variant in the COMT gene (single nucleotide polymorphism [SNP] rs4680) and tobacco smoking behavior. Methods In a population-based case-control multicenter study designed for tobacco addiction research, a total of 551 cur…
Neurochemical alterations in women with borderline personality disorder and comorbid attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
2010
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is associated with structural and functional brain changes. Recent models and findings refer to alterations of glutamate and total N-acetylaspartate (tNAA) in this condition.Absolute quantities of tNAA, creatine, glutamate, glutamine, myoinositol and total choline were measured using 3 Tesla magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the left anterior cingulate cortex and the left cerebellum in 14 unmedicated women with BPD and comorbid attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and 18 healthy women. Both groups were matched with respect to age, education and premorbid intelligence.In the anterior cingulate, we found significantly higher tNAA and glutamate…
Does being involved by doctors satisfy patients' fundamental psychological needs? A study on a large European sample
2022
The present work was aimed at investigating whether the patients’ involvement by their healthcare providers may satisfy patients’ fundamental psychological needs (i.e. self-esteem, belonging, control, meaningful existence), which in turn, can impact their psychological well-being. Based on the European Quality of Life Survey data, the sample included 10,427 European adults who, in the last 12 months, visited GP/family doctors and hospital/medical specialists. Among them, 51.3% declared to have a chronic disease. Results showed that the experience of being involved by GP/family doctors and hospital/medical specialists had a positive effect on psychological well-being and that this effect was…
Reduced interhemispheric structural connectivity between anterior cingulate cortices in borderline personality disorder
2008
Functional and structural alterations of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), a key region for emotional and cognitive processing, are associated with borderline personality disorder (BPD). However, the interhemispheric structural connectivity between the left and right ACC and between other prefrontal regions in this condition is unknown. We acquired diffusion-tensor imaging data from 20 healthy women and 19 women with BPD and comorbid attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Interhemispheric structural connectivity between both sides of the ACC, dorsolateral prefrontal cortices and medial orbitofrontal cortices was assessed by a novel probabilistic diffusion tensor-based fiber tra…